ABSTRACT
Bifid mandibular condyle (BMC) is an uncommon morphological variant of the mandibular condyle. Although authors have proposed various etiologies for BMC, no consensus has emerged. In addition, varying findings have been reported regarding the epidemiological parameters of BMC (e.g., prevalence, gender ratio, and age), possibly due to its low incidence. BMC is occasionally associated with symptoms of the temporomandibular joint, such as ankylosis, pain, and trismus; however, it is difficult to detect this condition on conventional radiographs. This study reports a case of BMC with radiographic findings, and reviews the literature on the epidemiology of BMC.
Subject(s)
Anatomic Variation , Ankylosis , Congenital Abnormalities , Consensus , Epidemiology , Incidence , Mandibular Condyle , Prevalence , Temporomandibular Joint , TrismusABSTRACT
Wernicke's encephalopathy is a fatal neurological disease caused by thiamine deficiency. Many reports indicate that Wernicke's encephalopathy is caused by malnutrition. We report the case of a 79-year-old female patient who had a left masticator space and parapharyngeal space abscess who was diagnosed with Wernicke's encephalopathy. She reported problems while eating due to the presence of the abscess, but the true quantities of food she was ingesting were never assessed. Clinicians have a responsibility to provide adequate nutritional support by ensuring that patients receive adequate nutrition. Clinicians should also keep in mind that Wernicke's encephalopathy may occur in patients who experienced prolonged periods of malnutrition.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Abscess , Eating , Malnutrition , Nutritional Support , Parenteral Nutrition , Thiamine Deficiency , Wernicke EncephalopathyABSTRACT
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Back Pain , Biopsy , Breast , Carcinoma, Renal Cell , Hematuria , Kidney , Lung , Lymph Nodes , Neoplasm MetastasisABSTRACT
Subject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Bandages , Bone Density , Bone Remodeling , Cheek , Diphosphonates , Hypercalcemia , Jaw , Molar , Necrosis , Neoplasm Metastasis , Osteonecrosis , Osteoporosis , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal , Suppuration , Surgery, Oral , Tooth , Tooth ExtractionABSTRACT
Bisphosphonates are widely used to treat osteoporosis, hypercalcemia of malignant tumor. Despite their clinical benefit, bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a newly documented complication to patients receiving these drugs and first recognized by Marx in 2003. Thus, consideration of prevention and needs regarding unequivocal treatment regimen have emerged. Recently, several authors emphasized reports on appropriate clinical availability of surgical approach. It serves to concern about guideline for surgical and conservative treatment modalities. So, it is the purpose of this paper to review the current literatures about treatment regimens of BRONJ.